Varicose veins Introduction   Varicose veins are elongated, tortuous, dilated superficial veins.  They are usually present in the legs.  Varicose veins result from incompetent valves that allow blood flow away from the heart.  Increased pressure in the superficial veins also plays a role in the development of this condition.  Over time, damage from increased pressure, incompetent valves, and chemical mediators (e.g. free radicals and enzymes) decrease the integrity of the vessel wall and dilation occurs.  Once one area of the vein is compromised, the damage will continue along the course of the vein. [1]     Varicose veins affects both men and women, though women are affected up to three times as often as men. There is no known predisposition to any one particular race, though there is an increased prevalence in Western industrialized countries compared to developing countries.  The peak incidence of occurrence is between the ages of 30 and 40. [2]   Family history, however, is a risk factor for the development of varicose veins. Pregnancy is also a risk factor for the development of varicose veins because of the hormonal changes and increased pressure on the pelvic veins.  Prolonged standing will aggravate varicose veins, but standing alone, is not considered a risk factor for development. [3]  Prior episodes of deep vein thrombosis can increase the chance of developing varicose veins.  Some authors suggest that external trauma can also increase risk of developing varicose veins. [4]     Varicose veins Statistics 1 in 5 adults or 15-25% in the US have varicose veins.   It is estimated that 50% of the US population over 50 years old has varicose veins.   The prevalence of varicose veins is greater in women (50-55%) compared to men (40-45%).   Women are three times more likely to have varicose veins than men.   It is estimated that 41% of all women 50 years old or greater have varicose veins.   Only 20-25% of women and 10-15% of men have visible varicosities.   Varicose Veins Symptoms   Varicose veins may be asymptomatic.  Individuals may complain of heaviness and fatigue in the lower extremity.  Edema may also be present.  One of the most common complaints in newly formed varicosities is a dull aching pain, most likely due to the initial damage to the vessel.  The skin overlying the varicose vein may be hot or warm to touch and it may itch.  These symptoms do not correlate to the extent of damage or size of the varicosity.  Often times, the larger dilated veins will present with only cosmetic complaints. [5]   The heaviness or aching in the leg will be relieved by walking and support hose, and may be exacerbated by standing for long periods of time.  Individuals will often find a relief from symptoms by elevating legs.  Varicose veins complaints are worse at night, in the summer months, and during menstruation due to increased edema. [6]   Learn More About Varicose Veins Varicose Veins Introduction Varicose Veins Treatment Products helpful for Varicose Veins   Learn More

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