Type 2 Diabetes References

 

1. National Center for Health Statistics:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/diabetes.htm

 

2. Centers for Disease Control, National Diabetes Fact Sheet http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/estimates.htm#incidence

 

3. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 414-415

 

4. Howarth NC, Saltzman E, Roberts SB. Dietary fiber and weight regulation. Nutr Rev. 2001 May;59(5):129-39.

 

5. Krotkiewski M. Effect of guar on body weight, hunger ratings and metabolism in obese subjects. Clinical Science 1984 (66): 329-36.

 

6. Rossner S et al. Weight reduction with dietary fibre supplements. Results of two double-blind studies. Acta Med Scand 1987 (222): 83-88.

 

7. Ryttig KR et al. A dietary fibre supplement and weight maintenance after weight reduction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled long-term trial. Int J Obesity 1989 (14): 763-69.

 

8. Rigaud D et al. Mild overweight treated with energy restriction and a dietary fiber supplement: a 6-month randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled long-term trial. Int J Obesity 1990 (14):764-69

 

9. Anderson JW et al. High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 1979 (32): 2312-21.

 

10. Kay R et al. Diets rich in natural fiber improve carbohydrate tolerance in maturity onset, noninsulin dependent diabetics. Diabetologia 1981 (20): 12-23.

 

11. Jenkins DJA et al. Diabetic diets: high carbohydrate combined with high fiber. Am J Clin Nutr 1980 (33): 1729-33.

 

12. Vincent JB. Mechanisms of chromium action: low-molecule-weight chromium-binding substance. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999;18(1):6-12.
 

13. Anderson RA. Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997;26:S35-S46.

 

14. McCarty, M.F. Toward a wholly nutritional therapy for type II diabetes. Med. Hypotheses 2000 Mar; 54(3): 483-7.

 

15. Offenbacher E et al. Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly patients. Diabetes 1980 (29): 919-25.

 

16. Bahijiri, S.M. et al. The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast supplementation on glucose tolerance, serum lipids and drug dosage in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Saudi Med. J. 2000 Sep; 21(9): 831-7.

 

17. Stearns DM, et al. Chromium (III) picolinate produces chromosomal damage in chinese hamster ovary cells. FASEB J. 1995;9(15):1643-8.
 

18. Ceci S et al. The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm 1989 (76): 109-17.

 

19. Cangiano C et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 (56): 863-67.

 

20. Cangiano C, et al. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Jul1998;22(7):648-54.
 

21. Cunningham J. Reduced mononuclear leukocyte ascorbic acid content in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus consuming adequate dietary vitamin C. Metabolism 1991 (40): 146-49.

 

22. Sargeant, L.A. et al. Vitamin C and hyperglycemia in the European Prospective Investigation in Cancer-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study; a population-based study. Diabetes Care 2000 Jun; 23(6): 726-32.

 

23. Vinson JA et al. In vitro and in vivo reduction of erythrocyte sorbitol by ascorbic acid. Diabetes 1989 (38): 1036-41.

 

24. Cunningham JJ et al. Vitamin C: an aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 1994 (4): 344-50.

 

25. Davie SF et al. Effect of vitamin C on glycosylation of proteins. Diabetes 1992 (41): 167-73.

 

26. Emekli, N. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of tissue and blood proteins. J. Marmara Univ. Dent. Fac. 1996 Sep; 2(2-3): 530-4.

 

27. Tobia MH. The role of dietary zinc in modifying the onset and severity of spontaneous diabetes in the BB Wistar rat. Mol Genet Metab. Mar1998;63(3):205-13.
 

28. Gupta R. Oral zinc therapy in diabetic neuropathy. J Assoc Physicians India. Nov1998;46(11):939-42.
 

29. Song MK, et al. Effects of bovine prostate powder on zinc, glucose, and insulin metabolism in old patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1998 Jan;47(1):39-43.             

 

30. Hwang IK et al. Effects of cyclo (his-pro) plus zinc on glucose metabolism in genetically diabetic obese mice. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2003 Sep;5(5):317-24.    
 

31. White JR et al. Magnesium and diabetes: a review. Ann pharmacother 1993 (27): 775-80.

 

32. Elamin A, et al. Magnesium and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1990;10(3):203-9.
 

33. Lal J, Vasudev K, Kela AK, Jain SK. Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on the lipid profile and blood glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India. Jan2003;51:37-42.
 

34. Paolisso, G. et al. Dietary magnesium supplements improve B-cell response to glucose and arginine in elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Acta Endocrinol. Copenh. 1989 Jul; 121(1): 16-20.

 

35. Tosiello L. Hypomagnesemia and diabetes mellitus: a review of clinical implications. Arch Int Med. 1996;156(11):1143-8.
 

36.  Suzuki YJ, Aggarwal BB, Packer L. Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-kappa B activation in human T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Dec1992;189(3):1709-15.
 

37. Nagamatsu M, et al. Lipoic acid improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress, and improves distal nerve conduction in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1160-7.
 

38. Khanna S, et al. Cytokine-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle: redox regulation and the role of alpha-lipoic acid. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(5 pt 2):R1327-33.
 

39. Ziegler D, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes. 1997;46(supp2):S62-S66.
 

40. Khamaisi, M. et al. Lipoic acid acutely induces hypoglycemia in fasting nondiabetics and diabetic rats. Metabolism 1999 Apr; 48(4): 504-10.

 

41. Evans JL, Goldfine ID. Alpha-lipoic acid: a multifunctional antioxidant that improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Sep2000;2(3):401-13.
 

42. Strokov IA, et al. The efficacy of the intravenous administration of the trometamol salt of thioctic (alpha-lipoic) acid in diabetic neuropathy. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im SS Korsakova. 1999;99(6):18-22.
 

43. Brichard SM, et al. The role of vanadium in the management of diabetes. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1995;16(8):265-70.
 

44. Orvig C, et al. Vanadium compounds as insulin mimics. Met Ions Biol Syst. 1995;31:575-94.
 

45. Poucheret P, et al. Vanadium and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;188(1,2):73-80.
 

46. Cam MC, et al. Partial preservation of pancreatic beta cells by vanadium: evidence for long-term amelioration of diabetes. Metabolism. 1997;46(7):769-78.
 

47. Boden G, et al. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996;45(9):1130-5.
 

48. Cohen N, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1995;95(6):2501-9.
 

49. Chapkin RS, et al. Dietary Influences of Evening Primrose and Fish Oil on the Skin of Essential Fatty Acid-deficient Guinea Pigs. J Nutr. 1987;117(8):1360-70.
 

50. Dutta-Roy AK, et al. Effects of Linoleic and Gamma-linolenic Acids (Efamol Evening Primrose Oil) on Fatty Acid-binding Proteins of Rat Liver. Mol Cell Biochem. 1990;98(1-2):177-82.
 

51. Dib A, et al. Effects of Gamma-linolenic Acid Supplementation on Pregnant Rats Fed a Zinc-deficient Diet. Ann Nutr Meta. 1987;31(5):312-19.
 

52. Takahashi R, et al. Evening Primrose Oil and Fish Oil in Non-Insulin-Dependent- Diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1993;49(2):569-71.
 

53. Stevens EJ, et al. Essential Fatty Acid Treatment Prevents Nerve Ischaemia and Associated Conduction Anomalies in Rats with Experimental Diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1993;36(5):397-401.

 

54. Keen H et al. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with gamma linolenic acid. Diabetes Care 1993 (16): 8-13.

 

55. Jamal GA. The use of gamma linolenic acid in the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Med 1994 (11): 145-49.
 

56. Okabayashi Y, et al. Effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. On Glucose Homeostasis in Rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. May1990;9(2):143-48.
 

57. Baskaran K, et al. Antidiabetic Effect of a Leaf Extract from Gymnema Sylvestre in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients. J Ethnopharmacol. Oct1990;30(3):295-300.
 

58. Shanmugasundaram ER, et al. Use of Gymnema sylvestre Leaf Extract in the Control of Blood Glucose in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. Oct1990;30(3):281-94.
 

59. Shimizu K, et al. Suppression of Glucose Absorption by Extracts From the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum. J Vet Med Sci. Sep1997;59(9):753-57.
 

60. Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Rao CV, Dey DK, Satyanarayana S. Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab. May2004;6(3):171-80.
 

61. Zhu ZJ, et al. Studies on the active constituents of Momordica charantia L. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao. 1990;25(12):898-903.
 

62. Khanna P, et al. Hypoglycemic Activity of Polypeptide-P From a Plant Source. J Nat Prod. Nov1981;44(6):648-655.
 

63. Leatherdale BA, et al. Improvement in Glucose Tolerance Due to Momordica Charantia (Karela). Br Med J(Clin Res Ed). Jun1981;282(6279):1823-1824.
 

64. Welihinda J, et al. Effect of Momordica Charantia on the Glucose Tolerance in Maturity Onset Diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol. Sep1986;17(3):277-282.
 

65. Ng TB, et al. Insulin-Like Molecules in Momordica Charantia Seeds. J Ethnopharmacol. Jan1986;15(1):107-117.
 

66. Sarkar S, et al. Demonstration of the Hypoglycemic Action of Momordica Charantia in a Validated Animal Model of Diabetes. Pharmacol Res. Jan1996;33(1):1-4.
 

67. Platel K, et al. Effect of Dietary Intake of Freeze Dried Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Nahrung. 1995;39(4):262-8.
 

68. Ali L, et al. Studies on Hypoglycemic Effects of Fruit Pulp, Seed, and Whole Plant of Momordica charantia on Normal and Diabetic Model Rats. Planta Med. Oct1993;59(5):408-12.

 

69. Welhinda et al. The insulin-releasing activity of the tropical plant Momordica charantia. Acta Biol Med Germ 1982 (41): 1229-40.
 

70. Scharrer A et al. Anthocyanosides in the treatment of retinopathies. Klin Monatschl Augenheikd 1981 (178): 386-89.

 

71. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 427

 

72. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 419

 

73. Reddi A et al. biotin supplementation improves glucose and insulin tolerances in genetically diabetic KK mice. Life Sci 1988 (42): 1323-30.

 

74. Koutsikos, D. et al. Biotin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Biomed. Pharmacother. 1990; 44: 511-4.

 

75. Zhang, H. et al. Biotin administration improves the impaired glucose tolerance to streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 1997; 43: 271-80.

 

76. Zhang H et al. A high biotin diet improves the impaired glucose tolerance of long-term spontaneously hyperglycemic rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1996 Dec;42(6):517-26.   
 

77. Kaneto, H. et al. Beneficial effects of antioxidants in diabetes: possible protection of pancreatic beta-cells against glucose toxicity. Diabetes 1999 Dec; 48(12): 2398-2406.

 

78. Rauscher, F.M. et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 treatment on antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2001; 15(1): 41-6.

 

79. McCarty, M.F. Can correction of sub-optimal coenzyme Q status improve beta-cell function in type II diabetics- Med. Hypotheses 1999 May; 52(5): 397-400.

 

80. Hipkiss, A.R., Chana H. Carnosine protects proteins against methylglyoxal-mediated modifications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Jul 9;248(1):28-32.                      

 

81. Velussi, M. et al. Long-term (12 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. J. Hepatol. 1997; 26: 871-9.

 

82. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 418

 

83. Reimers JI et al. [Nicotinamide and prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Rationale, effects, toxicology and clinical experiences. ENDIT Group][Article in Danish]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1994 Jan 24;156(4):461-5.       
 

84. Paolisso G et al. Chronic intake of pharmacological doses of vitamin E might be useful in the therapy of elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 (61): 848-52.

 

85. Paolisso, G. et al. Pharmacological doses of vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1993; 57: 650-6.

 

86. Salonen JT et al. Increased risk of non-insulin diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four-year follow-up study in men. Br Med J 1995 (311): 1124-27.

 

87. Devaraj, S. et al. Low-density lipoprotein postsecretory modification, monocyte function, and circulating adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular complications. Circulation 2000 Jul 11; 102(2): 191-6.

 

88. Life Extension eds., Disease Prevention and Treatment, 4th ed. Florida: Life Extension Media, 2003.

 

89. Stoppard M. Family Health Guide, New York: DK Publishing, 2002

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