Sinusitis Introduction   Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.  It can be due to viral, bacterial, or fungal organisms.  Sinusitis can also be the result of allergies to certain environmental factors.  Sinusitis often follows an upper respiratory infection (cold, pharyngitis).  Chronic sinusitis is more likely due to secondary infection in a person with long standing allergies. The paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid) are normally sterile.   However if the nasal mucosa becomes edematous (fills with fluid) from allergies, a cold, hay fever, etc., then the pathogens have a place to grow.   The environment in the sinuses becomes moist and warm, propagating growth of viruses, bacteria, and fungus.  The overgrowth of organisms results in immune cells migrating to the tissue. This extra cell material and edema in the nasal mucosa results in a plug.  This is the most common cause of sinusitis symptoms. [1]   Sinusitis affects men and women equally.  It is present in all social, racial, and ethical classes.  It is, however, more likely to develop in an individual with allergies. Persons with diabetes and immunocompromise (e.g. cancer, HIV/AIDS) are more likely to have an extreme sinus infection with less well-known organisms that can develop serous complications.     Sinusitis Symptoms   The signs and symptoms of sinusitis are pretty general.  The area over the affected sinus may be swollen, tender to the touch, and warm.  Pain is often a symptom described as a headache or toothache.  Most persons with sinusitis will complain of an increase in pressure, and can point to the sinus that is involved.  There can be increased discharge from the nose.  The discharge is usually green or yellow and can be very thick and sometimes have a rotten smell.   Specific symptoms of inflammation in the maxillary sinus include; pain in the maxillary area (under the cheek bones, next to the nose), toothache, and frontal headache.  Frontal sinusitis presents with frontal headache and pain in the frontal area (on the forehead in between the eyes).  An infection in the ethmoid sinus causes pain behind and between the eyes and a headache, often described as "splitting."  The sphenoid sinusitis presents with localized pain and tenderness that can be in the frontal area or in the occipital area (back of the head).   Systemic symptoms such as muscle aches, joint pain, fever, chills, and fatigue can be present in cases of sinusitis, but can often be a sign that the inflammation has moved beyond the sinus into other structures. [2]     Sinusitis Statistics There are approximately 29.2 million cases of sinusitis diagnosed each year, which is approximately 14% of the population.   It is estimated that there are as many as 50 million people living in the US with chronic sinusitis.   Sinus infections account for more than 14 million doctor visits each year. [3]   Learn More About Sinusitis Sinusitis Introduction Sinusitis Treatment Products helpful for Sinusitis   Learn More

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