Raynaud's disease Introduction   Raynaud's disease is characterized by vasospasm of the small arteries in the fingers and toes.  Areas such as the nose and tongue can also be affected. Raynaud's disease (primary) can be initiated by cold, emotional stress, and occupational damage.  The exact mechanism of injury is not fully understood in Raynaud's disease.   Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary) is characterized the same, but is the result of an underlying disease such as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and SLE.  The vasospasm results in decreased blood flow, causing pallor and cyanosis. In severe cases of Raynaud's phenomenon, necrosis can occur in the digits.  Raynaud's disease does not result in severe complications because the vasospasm ends when the stressor is removed. [1]   Researchers have failed to pinpoint the cause of Raynaud's disease and several hypotheses exist regarding the disease's origin.  One of the most prominent hypotheses is that pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes damage the endothelial wall resulting in vasoconstriction.  A defect in either nitric oxide synthesis, or metabolism is also thought to play a role in the development of Raynaud's disease. Finally, damage to vessel integrity is thought to be mediated by free radicals and elevated homocysteine levels.   Raynaud's disease affects women five times as often as men.  The primary age of incidence is between 15 and 40 years old. Occupations such as pianists, typists, meat cutters, and chain saw users (vibratory tools) may be at a greater risk for developing Raynaud's disease. Smokers are also at an increased risk for developing the condition.  Precipitating factors to Raynaud's disease may include external factors, such as cold weather and mental stress. [2]     Raynaud's disease Statistics Raynaud's affects 5-10% of the population.   One half of the cases are primary Raynaud's disease, the other half being Raynaud's phenomenon.   It is estimated that 13.6 million people in the US have Raynaud's.   75% of the cases are in women between the ages of 15 and 40 years old.   It is five times more common in women than men.   20% of all young women are believed to have Raynaud's disease.   Raynaud's disease Symptoms   The main symptom of Raynaud's disease is color change in the digits.  The skin may change color from white, to blue, and even red at times. There is often a numbness and tingling associated with the color change.  There can be pain, but it is unusual.  Warming the affected area usually relieve attacks associated with this condition, which may last from a few minutes to hours.  There is no long-term damage as a result of these attacks in Raynaud's disease.  Although in Raynaud's phenomenon the attacks may be long standing and necrosis of the digits can occur. [3]     Learn More About Raynaud's disease Raynaud's Disease Introduction Raynaud's Disease Treatment Products helpful for Raynaud's Disease   Learn More

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