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PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) Introduction |
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Premenstrual syndrome is a
condition marked by mood changes and
specific physical symptoms, those of
which occur 7-14
days before the onset of menses.
Symptoms often resolve at the
beginning of menses. PMS is a
monthly recurring condition.
Although the exact
cause of PMS is not fully
understood, it appears to be
related to hormone fluctuations. [1]
There are four
subtypes of PMS. Each subtype is
represented by a particular symptom
that is exaggerated.
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PMS-A is
characterized by anxiety. It is
the most common of all subtypes, and is linked to excess estrogen
and deficient progesterone.
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PMS-C is
characterized by carbohydrate
cravings.
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PMS-D is the
least common subtype and depression
is the main symptom.
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PMS-H. This
subtype is
the result of increased aldosterone, the hormone that
makes one retain water and salt.
Water gain is typical. [2]
PMS affects women of
all races. It primarily occurs
in the 20's and 30's. PMS does not occur
after menopause.
PMS can have a
multitude of symptoms, or just one. Symptoms can last from 1 hour to
several days. The intensity of
symptoms are different and dependant
upon the individual. Most women are able to carry on
their normal daily routine, but a
small percentage of women who suffer
from PMS have such severe symptoms
that they interrupt their daily
schedule and associated activities. [3]
The most common
symptoms affecting mood are
nervousness, anxiety, and
irritability. Women may also suffer from
mood swings and personality changes.
Fatigue and depression commonly occur
as well. PMS can manifest
in the GI system with bloating,
diarrhea or constipation, and
changes in appetite. Because of the
association with estrogen, PMS
can also manifest as tender,
enlarged breasts, cramps, and
changes in libido. General
symptoms of PMS include
headache, backache, acne, and edema
of hands and feet. [4]
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It is believed that
70-90% of women experience some
adverse symptom of PMS.
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2 out of 5 women
age 14-50 suffer from PMS.
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In 30-40% of women, the symptoms are so severe that
they affect their activities of
daily living (ADL).
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An underlying
psychiatric disorder can be
identified in approximately 50% of
all PMS sufferers. [5]
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