Menopause References
 

1.  CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Women's Reproductive Health: Menopause. Available at:

http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth//WomensRH/Menopause.htm

 

2. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 628-644.

 

3. Stoppard M. Family Health Guide, New York: DK Publishing, 2002: 497-503.

 

4. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Women's Health Initiative. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. Jul2002;288(3):321-33.
 

5. Hulley S et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS). JAMA. 1998;280:605-613

 

6. Grady D et al, HERS Research Group. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA. Jul2002;288(1):49-57.

 

7. Schairer et al. Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA. Jul2000;283: 485-491.

 

8. Lee CJ et al.  Effects of supplementation of the diets with calcium and calcium-rich foods on bone density of elderly females with osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; (34):819-823.

 

9. Reid IR et al. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Am J J Med 1995;(08):331-335

 

10. Wishart JM, Clifton PM, Nordin BE. Effect of perimenopause on calcium absorption: a longitudinal study. Climacteric. Jun2000;3(2):102-8.

 

11. Murray MT. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, NY: Three Rivers Press, 1996: 156.

 

12. Cohen L et al. Infrared spectroscopy and magnesium content of bone mneral in osteoporotic women. Isr J Med Sci 1981;(17):1123-1125
 

13. Sojka JE, et al. Magnesium Supplementation and Osteoporosis. Nutr Rev. 1995;53(3):71-74.
 

14. Tranquilli AL, et al. Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Intakes Correlate with Bone Mineral Content in Postmenopausal Women. Gynecol Endrocrinol. 1994;8(1):55-58.
 

15. Altura BM, et al. Role of Magnesium in Patho-physiological Processes and the Clinical Utility of Magnesium Ion Selective Electrodes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1996;224S: 211-34.
16. Murray MT. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, NY: Three Rivers Press, 1996: 162.

 

17. Villareal DT, et al. Subclinical Vitamin D Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women with Low Vertebral Bone Mass. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1991;72(3):628-34.
 

18. Rassouli A, Milanian I, Moslemi-Zadeh M. Determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) levels in early postmenopausal Iranian women: relationship with bone mineral density. Bone. Nov2001;29(5):428-30.
 

19. Mezquita-Raya P, Munoz-Torres M, Luna JD, et al. Relation between vitamin D insufficiency, bone density, and bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. Aug2001;16(8):1408-15.
 

20. Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J, Hermann AP, Sorensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr. Aug2001;86(Suppl 1):S97-103.
 

21. Mezquita Raya P, Munoz Torres M, Lopez Rodriguez F, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in populations at risk for osteoporosis: impact on bone integrity. Med Clin (Barc). Jun2002;119(3):85-9.
 

22. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 638.

 

23. Morton DJ, Barrett-Connor EL, Schneider DL. Vitamin C supplement use and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. Jan2001;16(1):135-40.
 

24. Hall SL, Greendale GA. The relation of dietary vitamin C intake to bone mineral density: results from the PEPI study. Calcif Tissue Int. Sep1998;63(3):183-9.
 

25. Wang MC, Luz Villa M, Marcus R, Kelsey JL. Associations of vitamin C, calcium and protein with bone mass in postmenopausal Mexican American women. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(6):533-8.
 

26. Leveille SG, LaCroix AZ, Koepsell TD, Beresford SA, Van Belle G, Buchner DM. Dietary vitamin C and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Washington State, USA. J Epidemiol Community Health. Oct1997;51(5):479-85.
 

27. Kritz-Silverstein D, Goodman-Gruen DL. Usual dietary isoflavone intake, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. Jan2002;11(1):69-78.
 

28. Adlercreutz H. Soybean phytoestrogen intake and cancer risk.
J Nutr. 1995 Mar;125(3 Suppl):757S-770S.                     

 

29. Cotroneo MS, Wang J, Fritz WA, Eltoum IE, Lamartiniere CA. Genistein action in the prepubertal mammary gland in a chemoprevention model. Carcinogenesis. Sep2002;23(9):1467-1474.
 

30. Wu AH, Wan P, Hankin J, Tseng CC, Yu MC, Pike MC. Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Carcinogenesis. Sep2002;23(9):1491-6.
 

31. Ishimi Y, et al. Selective effects of genistein, a soybean isoflavone, on B-lymphopoiesis and bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. Endocrinology. 1999;140:1893-1900.
 

32. Setchell KD, et al. Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr. 1999;129:758S-767S.
 

33. Allred CD, Allred KF, Ju YH, et al. Soy diets containing varying amounts of genistein stimulate growth of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Cancer Res. Jul2001;61(13):5045-50.
 

34. Hsieh CY, Santell RC, Haslam SZ, Helferich WG. Estrogenic effects of genistein on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. Sep1998;58(17):3833-8.
 

35.  Ju YH, Doerge DR, Allred KF, Allred CD, Helferich WG. Dietary Genistein Negates the Inhibitory Effect of Tamoxifen on Growth of Estrogen-dependent Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells Implanted in Athymic Mice. Cancer Res. May2002;62(9):2474-7.
 

36. Ishihara M. Effect of of gamma-oryzanol on serum lipid peroxide levels and climacteric disturbances. Asia Oceania J Ostet Gynecol 1984; 10:317

 

37. Ishihara M, Ito Y, Nakakita T, et al. Clinical effect of gamma-oryzanol on climacteric disturbance -on serum lipid peroxides. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. Feb1982;34(2):243-51.
 

38. Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, et al. Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Apr2002;87(4):1527-32.
 

39.  Hutchins AM, Martini MC, Olson BA, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Flaxseed consumption influences endogenous hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39(1):58-65.
 

40. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT, eds. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, revised 2nd edition, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998: 639.

 

41. Hirata JD, Swiersz LM, Zell B, Small R, Ettinger B. Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril. Dec1997;68(6):981-6.
 

42. Willhite LA, O'Connell MB. Urogenital atrophy: prevention and treatment. Pharmacotherapy. Apr2001;21(4):464-80.
 

43. Hardy ML. Herbs of special interest to women. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). Mar2000;40(2):234-42.
 

44. Shaw CR. The perimenopausal hot flash: epidemiology, physiology, and treatment. Nurse Pract. Mar1997;22(3):55-6, 61-6.
 

45. Lieberman S. A Review of the Effectiveness of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) for the Symptoms of Menopause. J Womens Health. Jun1998;7(5):525-29.
 

46.  Dog TL, Powell KL, Weisman SM. Critical evaluation of the safety of Cimicifuga racemosa in menopause symptom relief. Menopause. Jul2003;10(4):299-313.
 

47.  McKenna DJ, et al. Black cohosh: efficacy, safety, and use in clinical and preclinical applications. Altern Ther Health Med. May2001;7(3):93-100.
 

48. Liske E, et al. Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh (Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma): a 6-month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effect. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. Mar2002;11(2):163-74.
 

49. Milewicz A, et al. Vitex Agnus castus Extract in the Treatment of Luteal Phase Defects Due to Latent Hyperprolactinemia. Results of a Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind Study. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res. 1993;43(7):752-56.
 

50. Bhargava SK. Antiandrogenic Effects of a Flavonoid-rich Fraction of Vitex Negundo Seeds: A Histological and Biochemical Study in Dogs. J Ethnopharmacol. 1989;27(3):327-39.
 

51. Jarry H, et al. In Vitro Prolactin But Not LH and FSH Release Is Inhibited by Compounds in Extracts of Agnus castus: Direct Evidence for a Dopaminergic Principle by the Dopamine Receptor Assay. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 1994;102(6):448-54.
 

52. Makwana HG, et al. General Pharmacology of Vitex leucoxylon Linn Leaves. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1994;38(2):95-100.
 

53. Liu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, Gu C, van Breemen RB, Bhat KP, et al. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms. J Agric Food Chem. May 2001;49(5):2472-9.
 

54. Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA. The effect of Promensil, an isoflavone extract, on menopausal symptoms. Climacteric. Jun1999;2(2):79-84.
 

55. van de Weijer P, Barentsen R. Isoflavones from red clover (Promensil(R)) significantly reduce menopausal hot flush symptoms compared with placebo. Maturitas. Jul2002;42(3):187.
 

56. Morrison MF, et al. DHEA-S levels and depressive symptoms in a cohort of African American and Caucasian women in the late reproductive years. Biol Psychiatry. Nov2001;50(9):705-11.
 

57. Wolkowitz OM, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Treatment of Depression. Biol Psychiatry. Feb1997;41(3):311-18.
 

58. Nagata C, et al. Serum concentrations of estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and soy product intake in relation to psychologic well-being in peri- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Metabolism. Dec2000;49(12):1561-4.
 

59. Hackbert L, Heiman JR. Acute dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) effects on sexual arousal in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. Mar2002;11(2):155-62.
 

60. Takayanagi R, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as a possible source for estrogen formation in bone cells: correlation between bone mineral density and serum DHEA-sulfate concentration in postmenopausal women, and the presence of aromatase to be enhanced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human osteoblasts. Mech Ageing Dev. Apr2002;123(8):1107-14.
 

61. Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, et al. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol. Oct2001;145(4):457-61.
 

62. Genazzani AD, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation modulates spontaneous and growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion in early and late postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. Aug2001;76(2):241-8.

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