Kidney Stones Treatment   Treatment of kidney stones is divided into two categories: prophylaxis (preventative) and immediate treatment.  Patients presenting with a kidney stone could receive narcotics for the pain or possibly shock wave lithotripsy if they are; very symptomatic, have a stone less than 2 cm in diameter, and if it is in the pelvis of the kidney or in the ureter. [5]  There are also a variety of medical procedures, such as endoscopy, that may be percutaneous (from above) or ureteroscopic (from below).  The only stones that can possibly be dissolved chemically are uric acid stones via prolonged alkalinization of the urine.   Once a person has passed a stone or experienced removal, they should be treated preventatively (prophylaxis) because there is a high rate of recurrence.  Depending on the type of metabolic abnormality the treatment approaches will vary. [5]  For example, patients with hypercalciuria will be prescribed thiazide diuretics which decrease the amount of calcium going out in the urine, as well as lower the amount of calcium oxalate.  This results in a greatly decreased rate of stone formation.  Patients with uric acid stones caused by hyperuricosuria can take allopurinol to lower uric acid production.  They may also be prescribed alkalinizing drugs, like potassium citrate,  and be advised to increase water intake.  In the case of struvite stones, the associated urinary tract infection from urea-splitting bacteria will be treated using antibiotic therapy.     Supplements helpful for Kidney Stones   Calcium Paradoxically, calcium supplementation actually decreases levels of calcium in the urine of most patients. [6, 7]  This is thought to be due to the formation of calcium oxalate complexes in the GI tract that are poorly absorbed.  It has been shown that calcium taken with food is protective, but when taken away from food, it can be problematic. [8, 9, 10]  Therefore, when taking calcium supplements, they must be taken with food if the goal is to reduce calcium oxalate stone formation.   Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine is also known as vitamin B6.  There is a large body of evidence supporting the use of this vitamin for prophylactic treatment of kidney stones.  Many years ago, a deficiency of pyridoxine was documented to be associated with calcium oxalate stone formation. [11]  Since then, many studies have examined the various treatment approaches concerning patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stones. [12, 13, 14]   Patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate stones and mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate stones received vitamin B6 supplementation for 4.5 to 6 years. [9]  These patients showed a significant decrease in stone formation without major side effects. Vitamin B6 is also useful in the treatment of patients who have the metabolic disorder, primary hyperoxaluria, which can cause nephrolithiais. [15, 16, 17]   Magnesium Magnesium supplementation has been observed to have profound effects on patients with recurrent kidney stone formation. [18, 19, 20]  It appears that magnesium increases the solubility of calcium oxalate, thereby decreasing the incidence of stone formation.  One study demonstrated that 85% of patients in the magnesium treatment group were stone free during the four year treatment period. [18]  The form of magnesium used in these studies was magnesium hydroxide.   Citrate Citrate is an important nutritional supplement to consider for the prevention of kidney stones.  It has been shown to be very effective against calcium oxalate calculus formation. [21]  A beneficial feature of citrate is that it can be taken as a form of other nutrients such as calcium citrate or magnesium citrate.     Learn More About Kidney Stones Introduction to Kidney Stones Kidney Stones Treatment Products helpful for Kidney Stones Go Back Learn More

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