Impotence, also referred to as erectile dysfunction,
is the inability to achieve or
maintain a sufficient erection of the penis
for sexual intercourse. Impotence may also describe other
problems of sexual function, such as
lack of sexual desire, premature
ejaculation, ejaculatory failure, or
inability to achieve an orgasm. The
term erectile dysfunction, or ED,
more precisely defines the complete
inability, or inconsistent ability, to
achieve an erection.
Impotence may be caused by a variety of physiological
and psychological disorders. In most
cases, impotence is due to
physiological causes, such as
injury, disease, or prescription
drugs. Injury or trauma to the
nerves, vasculature, smooth muscles,
or tissues of the male sexual organs, can
also cause ED. Surgery, such
as radical prostatectomy, bladder
surgery for cancer, and radiation
therapy for cancer of the prostate,
bladder, or rectum, can injure
nerves and arteries of the penis,
resulting in ED.
Diseases such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries),
diabetes, kidney disease, chronic
alcoholism, multiple sclerosis,
enlarged prostate, vascular disease,
and neurologic disease are
responsible for the majority of
diagnosed ED
cases. Atherosclerosis, or hardening
of the arteries, is the most common
cause of impotence,
occurring in nearly half of the men
over fifty who have ED. Up to 50
percent of diabetic men over fifty
may also experience ED.
A long list of prescription medications, such as
antihypertensives (blood pressure
drugs), antihistamines,
antidepressants, tranquilizers,
appetite suppressants, and other
drugs, can cause ED.
Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety in a sexual
situation, sexual performance
pressure, fear of sexual failure, or
an emotional disorder, cause 10 to
20 percent of ED cases. Men with
ED resulting from a
physiological cause may also experience
these psychological problems.
Other factors that may cause impotence include long-term
alcohol consumption and/or tobacco
use, and hormonal problems, such a
low testosterone levels [1-3].
According to The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases
Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC),
National Institute of Health [4]:
-
Underlying diseases are
responsible for 70 percent of
impotence
-
Atherosclerosis is the most common
cause of impotence in over half
the men over age 50 with ED
-
About 15 to 30 million American
men are affected by impotence
-
Impotence affects 5 percent of 40
year old men, and between 15 and 25
percent of 65 year old men
-
Between 35 and 50 percent of
diabetic men over age 50 have ED
Impotence may have one or more of the following
symptoms:
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