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Herpes Zoster Introduction |
Herpes zoster
is a viral infection that appears as
red blisters or vesicles on the skin
and manifests with associated nerve pain. The outbreak usually
follows a dermatome or an area of
skin that correlates with a
particular nerve root. It is caused
by the varicella zoster virus,
the same virus that causes
chickenpox.
Individuals who had
chickenpox can get herpes zoster if
the virus becomes active, otherwise
the virus remains dormant
(inactive). The virus can become
active due to stress, immunocompromise, severe illness, or
extreme temperature exposure. Not
all who had chickenpox will get
shingles.
Herpes zoster
affects men and women equally. It is
most common in children, people over
the age of 60, and immunocompromised
individuals. [1]
The initial symptomof
shingles
is pain in the affected area. About
2-3 days after onset of pain, a rash
will develop. The pain and rash
usually follow one or more
dermatomes. Usually only one side of
the body is affected. T he trunk and
back are the most common areas
affected, though anywhere on the
body can be affected because of
nerve involvement.
The rash consists of
small vesicles on a erythematous
(red) base. The vesicles will break
open and ooze a honey colored liquid
then crust over. The vesicles will
continue to form for 3- 5 days, then
resolve on their own.
The pain that is
associated with shingles
can take much longer to resolve. It
is usually described as burning and
can become very intense. In some
cases, individuals may have pain for
months to years after the skin
eruption has resolved. This
diagnosis is called post-herpetic
neuralgia.
Very few patients
will have a reoccurrence of the
shingles. This is a
distinguishing fact from herpes
simplex virus. Complications can
occur if the virus infects nerve
roots that innervate the eye,
internal organs, or the inner ear. [2]
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Herpes zoster
will affect 10% of adults some
point during their lifetime.
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20% of individuals
who had chickenpox will be
diagnosed with herpes zoster.
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There are over
600,000 cases of herpes zoster
each year.
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The risk of
occurrence is 10 times greater if
one is over 60 years old or under
10 years old. [3]
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Herpes Zoster |
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