Vinpocetine
Vinpocetine, an
extract derived from the periwinkle
plant (Vinca minor), has been
used in Europe for decades to treat
brain circulation problems (2). Numerous studies show that vinpocetine supplementation can be
useful in the treatment of cognitive
impairments that are related to
the aging process, while protecting against the
effects of brain aging (2-9).
Glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (GPC)
Glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (GPC) is
a nutrient precursor to the brain
neurotransmitter acetylcholine. A
recent medical review suggests that
GPC supplementation may improve
short-term memory and cognitive
function, and protect against the
effects of brain aging (10).
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
boosts cellular energy production in
the mitochondria, the cell's energy
powerhouse. One study has found
supplemental CoQ10 acts as a brain
cell energizer, and may protect
against the effects of brain aging
(11).
Essential Fatty Acids
(Fish Oil)
The brain is almost
entirely composed of essential fatty
acids such as DHA and EPA. Studies
have found that DHA is essential for
normal brain function, and
a deficiency of this nutrient can cause
an overall decrease cognitive function (12). Supplementation with DHAs, such as
fish oil, have been reported to
improve memory, learning, and
overall brain health (12,
13).
Vitamin B Complex
Elderly patients are
often deficient in essential
vitamins, especially in B
complex vitamins. Several studies have shown
that the supplementation with vitamins
B6, B12, and folate (B9), improves
cognitive function and memory
impairment, and may be effective in
treating dementia (14-16).
Antioxidants
(Vitamins C, E, and Beta-carotene)
Vitamins C, E, and
beta-carotene are potent
antioxidants that help protect
against free radical damage in the
body, cognitive function
impairments, and the effects of
brain aging. Numerous studies
indicate that supplementation with
vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene
improves cognitive function and may
be effective in treating dementia
(17-20).
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC)
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC)
is a nutritional supplement with
similar properties to the brain
neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. One significant
mammalian study reported that
when older rats were fed ALC,
age-associated cognitive impairment
and mitochondrial decay in the brain
was reversed (21). Other studies
have shown that supplementation with ALC may be
equally effective in treating
Alzheimer's disease (22-24).
Phosphatidylserine
(PS)
Phosphatidylserine
(PS), an essential component of
brain cell membranes, enhances brain
cell energy metabolism. Alzheimer's
patients often have abnormal PS. Studies have shown that
supplementation with PS enhances
cognitive function and memory, and
may be effective treatment in those
suffering from Alzheimer's disease
(24-26).
Gingko biloba
Gingko biloba, a
botanical used for centuries for
a variety of medicinal applications, has been shown
to improve circulation and
counteract age-related vascular
disorders and dementia. Numerous
studies have found that
the oral supplementation with gingko can help
protect against the effects of brain
aging, enhance cognitive function,
memory, and blood flow to the brain.
Gingko biloba may also be an effective
nutraceutical in treatment of Alzheimer's disease (27-33).
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