Insoluble Fiber and Diabetes

The daily recommended intake of fiber is 20-35 grams. Most Americans regularly get 3-10 grams of fiber a day, which adds up to quite a deficiency. Studies show that diets high in fiber protect against heart disease, high cholesterol, and may help fight cancer by aiding in elimination of toxins from the body.

There are two types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber has been proven in studies to lower cholesterol. It is found in apples, pears, whole grains, and vegetables. Insoluble fiber has been proven an effective treatment for constipation and lowering the amount of toxins that are absorbed in the body. It is also helpful for those with irritable bowel syndrome. Insoluble fiber is found in most vegetables and is not digestible.

A study published in Diabetes Care this March shows that insoluble fiber may be an effective addition to treatment for diabetes, particularly type 2 or adult onset. Type 2 diabetes is the result of insulin resistance at the muscle and fat cells. The result is slower uptake of glucose from the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia. This feeds into the cycle so more insulin is secreted by the pancreas until it cannot keep up. Eventually uncontrolled Type 2 diabetics may need insulin therapy. If treated and controlled early in the disease progression diet and lifestyle may be the only treatment needed.

A small preliminary trial in 17 women with Type 2 diabetes showed promise. The trial measured the effect of insoluble fiber on insulin metabolism in the body. Most women were overweight, which may be the primary cause Type 2 diabetes.

The study found that diets high in insoluble fiber improved insulin sensitivity at the tissue - both muscle and fat cells. This is the first step in the cycle that perpetuates Type 2 diabetes. Improving tissue response can decrease the load on the pancreas and perhaps prevent the need for insulin therapy.

As well as improved insulin sensitivity, insoluble fiber can improve excretion of fats and toxins from the bowel, resulting in overall improved health. The authors recommend that the daily intake of fiber be 20-35 grams. It is best to get fiber from whole foods, but for those with Type 2 diabetes, fiber supplements may be a key to improved treatment response.