Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or inside the lower rectum. The veins in the rectal area have no valves and may become weakened and enlarged with increased congestion of blood flow in the region. According to the National Institute of Health, hemorrhoids are very common in men and women. They estimate about half of all people over the age of 50 have hemorrhoids (1).
Hemorrhoids are classified according to location, severity, and the amount of pain they cause. There are three types of hemorrhoids, including:
- External hemorrhoids. They develop under the skin around the anus below the anorectal line. The anorectal line is where the skin lining changes to mucous membrane in the anal canal. This type of hemorrhoid can be painful if inflammation occurs. Painful swelling or a hard lump may develop around the anus from a blood clot (thrombotic hemorrhoid).
- Internal hemorrhoids. They develop inside the anus above the anorectal line. This type of hemorrhoid is usually painless. Bleeding may occur before, during, or after defecation.
- Prolapsed hemorrhoids. They occur when an internal hemorrhoid protrudes outside the anus. This type of hemorrhoid is usually accompanied with heavy mucous discharge and bleeding. Painful swelling or a hard lump may develop within the anus from a blood clot (thrombotic hemorrhoid). (2, 3)
The most common cause of hemorrhoids is deficient consumption of dietary fiber. A low-fiber Western diet often results in insufficient fecal bulk, that may cause straining during bowel movements. This increases intra-abdominal pressure and may weaken and enlarge the veins, causing hemorrhoid formation. Hemorrhoids are also common among pregnant women. Hormonal changes, intra-abdominal pressure from the growing fetus, and childbirth can result in hemorrhoid formation. Other factors that may cause hemorrhoids include diarrhea, long periods of standing or sitting, improper lifting, obesity, aging, anal intercourse, food allergies, liver disease, or a sedentary lifestyle. (1-3)
Posted by Kristopher Foster on May 4, 2006 03:04 PM
