In GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) stomach acids back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation (esophagitis). This often leads to a burning pain or discomfort (heartburn) in the upper abdomen and chest. If left untreated, GERD can cause scarring and precancerous changes of the esophagus (Barrett's syndrome) that can progress into esophageal cancer. Now research reports that the incidence of esophageal cancer has been dramatically rising.
Studies have shown that cancer of the esophagus (esophageal adenocarcinoma) has risen about 600% over the past few decades. The profound rise in esophageal cancers has been linked to the increased rates of GERD. The gastroesophageal junction (where the stomach ends and the esophagus begins) is regularly exposed to gastric acid and other noxious agents in untreated GERD patients. This can contribute to an increased cancer risk.
In a report published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center analyzed studies on cancers at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). They found that esophageal cancers are among the most deadly, with more than 80 percent of esophageal cancer patients dying within five years. The study authors state that the location of cancerous GEJ tumors can make early detection difficult.
"For adenocarcinomas that straddle the GEJ, it can be difficult to determine whether the tumor originated in the esophagus or in the gastric cardia," the study authors write. "This classification problem hampers studies on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of GEJ tumors."
Lifestyle changes can minimize GERD symptoms including, avoid medications that can worsen heartburn (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), avoid lying down within 3 hours of eating, avoid eating food for 2-3 hours before bedtime, maintain a healthy weight and stop smoking. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as antacids, H2 blockers (Tagamet), and proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec OTC) can also help relieve symptoms. In addition, supplementation with essential nutrients including licorice extract, digestive aids, and green tea extract can help prevent heartburn.
REFERENCES:
1. Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Concepts in the prevention of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach. CA Cancer J Clin 2005 Nov-Dec;55(6):334-51.
2. GERD Information Resource Center, FAQs, http://www.gerd.com/faq/gerd-faq.htm#5
3. Life Extension eds., Disease Prevention and Treatment, 4th ed. (Hollywood, Florida: Life Extension Media, 2003), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
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Posted by Elaine Gavalas on June 14, 2006 02:17 PM
