Previous studies suggest that different forms of memory are processed by different systems in the brain. Experts have found that the brain has multiple memory systems. For instance, declarative memory (the ability to recall lived experience) relies on the medial temporal lobe system, and habit learning (learning how to do things) relies on the striatum. Now research reports that learning while multi-tasking changes the way our brain learns and results in less available memory later on.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, investigated whether a demanding secondary task during learning changes the way in which participants solve a problem using either declarative memory or habit learning. Researchers at UCLA in Los Angeles, showed cards with shapes on them to 14 adult volunteers. The participants categorized the cards into one of two categories, either performing the task on its own or while doing something else at the same time. The participants performed the tasks while in an MRI scanner.
The researchers found that learning without distraction involved the declarative memory system. However, learning under distraction (while multi-tasking) involved less declarative learning and more habit learning. They found that habit learning memories are more difficult to recall if the specific circumstances under which they were learned change.
"These results have implications for learning in multitask situations, suggesting that, even if distraction does not decrease the overall level of learning, it can result in the acquisition of knowledge that can be applied less flexibly in new situations," the study authors write.
REFERENCES:
1. Foerde K et al. Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction. Proc natl Acad Sci USA 2006 Aug 1;103(31):11778-83. Epub 2006 Jul 25.
Posted by Elaine Gavalas on December 8, 2006 03:54 PM
