|
Anemia is a
disorder of the blood in which
there is a decrease in the number of
red blood cells or in the quantity
of hemoglobin (the iron-containing
portion of red blood cells).
This decrease in red blood cells
reduces the oxygen carrying power of
the blood, resulting in insufficient
oxygen being delivered to the body's
tissues. This inadequate
supply of oxygen throughout the body
often results in one developing
extreme fatigue and a shortness of
breath-the classical
symptoms of anemia. Common
causes of anemia include blood loss,
dietary deficiencies, poor iron
absorption, increased needs for iron
(such as in young children,
adolescents, women of childbearing
age, pregnant women, the elderly),
and chronic diseases.
Some of the most
common types of anemia include:
-
Deficiency Anemia
- Anemia caused by low levels
of nutrients such as iron, vitamin
B12, or folic acid
-
Sickle-Cell Anemia
and Thalassemia - Inherited
abnormalities of hemoglobin
production
-
Megaloblastic
(Pernicious) Anemia - A disorder
caused by malabsorption of vitamin
B12 from the digestive tract
-
Congenital
Aplastic Anemia - Failure of bone
marrow to produce red blood cells.
It is essential that
the type of anemia be identified
through a complete diagnostic workup
by a qualified health care
professional, in order to render
appropriate treatment.
|
 |
Iron-deficiency
anemia is the most common cause of
anemia. This type of anemia is often
due to chronic blood loss resulting
from heavy menstrual bleeding,
pregnancy, peptic ulcers, bleeding
lesions of the gastrointestinal
tract, reflux esophagitis, or
gastric or colorectal cancer. |
According to the
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
and Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) (1,
2):
-
Approximately 3.4
million Americans suffer from
anemia, making it the most common
blood disorder in the United
States.
-
12% of all
premenopausal women in the United
States have anemia.
-
7% of children
(ages 1-2 years) have anemia
Along with the
symptoms of an underlying disorder,
the general symptoms of most anemia
includes:
-
Fatigue and
faintness
-
Shortness of breath
on mild exertion
-
Increased heart
rate (palpitations)
-
Loss of skin tone
or color
·Iron-deficiency
anemia symptoms may additionally include:
-
Concave,
spoon-shaped nails
-
Painful cracks in
the skin at the side of the mouth
-
A smooth, reddened
tongue
If anemia is severe
and long-term:
|